1 Insights into Scaling Virtual Power Plants Real-World Findings for Successful Deployment January 2025 Angela Long (Rockcress Consulting) Ryan Long (Rockcress Consulting) Insights into Scaling Virtual Power Plants Executive Summary Introduction Leadership Investments Planning Case Studies Appendices 1 Executive Summary Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) are a distributed Downing, J. N. Johnson, M. McNicholas, et al. Sept. 2023. Pathways to Commercial Liftoff: Virtual Power Plants. Strong Leadership is Essential for VPP Success: Effective leadership from both utilities

HUAWEI DIGITAL POWER 2024 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT Contents 01 03 05 04 02 Sustainable Development Management Empowering with Digitalization One-Mind Growth Zero-Carbon Enablement Responsible Responsible Operations About Huawei Digital Power About This Report Key Awards and Honors Sustainable Development Strategy Sustainable Development Management System Communication with Stakeholders Promoting 14 15 17 Huawei Digital Power 2024 Sustainability Report About Huawei Digital Power 01 About Huawei Digital Power Huawei Digital Power is a world leader in digital power products and solutions. We

关键词：新型电力系统；输变电；数字化转型；数字孪生；异常预警 Digitalization Transformation of Power Transmission and Transformation Under the Back- ground of New Power System JIANG Xiuchen, XU Yongpeng, LI Yaocheng, DI Lingfang, LIU areas and high load areas.Power grid enterprises can effectively alleviate the contradiction between sup- ply and demand by increasing the construction of high-voltage power transmission and transformation transformation projects and transmitting clean power generated by new energy to high load areas. Therefore, in order to ensure the reliable operation of the new power system with new energy as the main body and

force. We forecast that solar (both with and without storage) and wind will be 32% of the global power mix by 2030. We expect a resurgence in offshore wind by 2030, such that variable renewables will ‘gridlock’, solar capacity could be 16% higher by 2035, and wind capacity 8% higher. Soaring power demand from AI data centres is placing additional strain on already congested grids, particularly non-fossil over fossil sources in the long run. That includes a resurgence of investment in nuclear power, which we predict will grow 150% from today’s levels by 2060. On the fossil side of the mix, policy

MEI Shengwei2,3 (1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Technology, Institute of Electric Power, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; 2. Qinghai Key Lab of Efficient Energy, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; 3. State Key Lab of Control and Simulation of Power Systems and Generation Equipments, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 设备 等[13]；(2)以天然气作为一次能源的设备，如燃气锅 炉、燃气轮机、热电联产(combined heating and power units, CHP)[14]、冷热电三联产(combined cooling, heating and power units, CCHP)[8]等。尽管能源转换 设备建模已得到较多研究，但已有研究在建模过程 朱建全，刘海欣，叶汉芳，等：园区综合能源系统优化运行研究综述

中国区域内虚拟电厂发展现状 Virtual Power Plant in China ： State of the Art 中国电力科学研究院 “ 双碳” 目标推动系统电源结构与负荷特性加速转变 ，电网尖峰负荷屡创新高、峰谷差持续拉大 ，给电网平衡、电力保供 和 带来巨大挑战 ，据测算 到 2025 年电力系统调节资源将达 5.6 亿千瓦。分布式资源以聚合虚拟电厂形式参与电网互动调节是发展新型电力系统的必然选择 transformation in the power supply structure and load characteristics of the system, leading to frequent peaks in electricity demand and a widening gap between peak and off-peak periods in the power grid. This reliable power supply. According to estimates, the regulatory resources of the power system will reach 560 GW by 2025. Involving distributed resources in the form of aggregated virtual power plants

华北电力大学 控制与计算机工程学院，北京 102206；2. 电站能量传递转化与系统教育部重点实验室，北京 102206) 摘要 摘要：热电联产虚拟电厂(combined heat and power virtual power plant, CHP-VPP)聚合了各类电热出 力单元，可兼顾风光出力不确定性、动态电价、用户热舒适度等影响，实现整体出力的优化调度。 提出了两阶段分布鲁棒优化调度方法，第一阶 Combined Heat and Power Virtual Power Plant[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2023, 35(5): 1046-1058. Two-Stage Distributed Robust Optimal Dispatching for a Combined Heat and Power Virtual Power Plant Fan School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System, Ministry of Education

第 48 卷 第 5 期 电 网 技 术 Vol. 48 No. 5 2024 年 5 月 Power System Technology May 2024 文章编号：1000-3673（2024）05-1821-15 中图分类号：TM 721 文献标志码：A 学科代码：470·40 面向零碳园区的综合能源系统优化运行技术综述 葛磊蛟，李京京，李昌禄，刘航旭 模型 热电联产系统(combined heat and power，CHP) 组合和优化调度方法可从成本、可靠性和环境角度 有效降低波动性新能源对系统运行的影响[34]并提 高 IES 的低碳水平[36]。同时，基于电/热负荷跟踪策 略的冷热电联产系统(combined cooling heating and power，CCHP)的稳健优化方法，可减少间歇性能 源和负荷不确定性的干扰[35]。但是，上述调度方法 转换为热能和天然气，使能量存储便捷且价格低 廉，还可获得更多的可再生能源。 目前关于储能系统的研究大多为将储能作为 耦合的一环，对原能源系统进行改进。如文献[60] 将蓄电池、蓄热电锅炉和电转气(power to gas， P2G)技术应用于微网系统中，建立电-气-热混合储 能的 IES，但其缺乏对储氢 IES 的研究和分析。氢 气相比天然气具有更高的能源密度，在相同体积下 可以储存更多的能量。在此基础上，文献[61]从储

Shengwei2, CHEN Laijun3 (1. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China; 2. Department of Electrical Engineering and Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education (School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University) 量的影响，从而进行合理分配碳排放责任和碳减排 效益。 关于园区内碳减排潜力与效益研究中，以热电 联产机组(combined heat and power，CHP)、冷热电 联产机组(combined cooling，heating and power， CCHP)为主的研究最为完善。Chicco 等提出了一次 节能指标和 CCHP 二氧化碳减排量[46-47]，证明了 CHP 和 CCHP

Service Center, Dongli District, Tianjin 300300, China) ABSTRACT: In combined cooling, heating and power systems, multiple energy devices must be coordinated to optimize operations and meet energy demands 大比例[9-10]。冷需求可由压缩制冷设备、吸热制冷设 6792 中 国 电 机 工 程 学 报 第 39 卷 备等供应；热/热水供应可来自热电联产(combined heat and power，CHP)单元、燃气锅炉、地源热泵系 统等。系统可配备蓄电/热装置，通过其不同时段的 蓄能和释能，提升系统运行调节的灵活性[11-12]。为 发挥 CIES 优势，需要制定合理有效的调度策略协 ]对包 含 CHP 设备、风机、电锅炉和蓄热装置的热/电能 源系统，以能源消耗和弃风费用最小为目标进行多 能耦合整体的优化调度，增强系统运行灵活性和经 济性。文献[14]研究基于电转气(power to gas，P2G) 技术的电/热/气耦合系统，通过建立其日前经济调 度模型，实现了系统风能利用率的提高和系统购能 成本的降低。文献[15]采用能源集线器模型，在对 系统详细建模的基础上，以日运行费用最小为目标