1 Insights into Scaling Virtual Power Plants Real-World Findings for Successful Deployment January 2025 Angela Long (Rockcress Consulting) Ryan Long (Rockcress Consulting) McAllister, California Energy Commission Arushi Sharma Frank, formerly of Tesla Bill Burke, Virtual Peaker Bob Caplan, Puget Sound Energy Chad Larson, Puget Sound Energy Charlie Seese, Puget DEPLOYMENT Insights into Scaling Virtual Power Plants Executive Summary Introduction Leadership Investments Planning Case Studies Appendices 1 Executive Summary Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) are a distributed

华北电力大学 控制与计算机工程学院，北京 102206；2. 电站能量传递转化与系统教育部重点实验室，北京 102206) 摘要 摘要：热电联产虚拟电厂(combined heat and power virtual power plant, CHP-VPP)聚合了各类电热出 力单元，可兼顾风光出力不确定性、动态电价、用户热舒适度等影响，实现整体出力的优化调度。 提出了两阶段分布鲁棒优化调度方法，第一阶 Combined Heat and Power Virtual Power Plant[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2023, 35(5): 1046-1058. Two-Stage Distributed Robust Optimal Dispatching for a Combined Heat and Power Virtual Power Plant Fan Conversion and System, Ministry of Education, Beijing 102206, China) Abstract: Combined heat and power virtual power plant (CHP-VPP) aggregates various electrical and thermal output units and takes into account

中图分类号：TM 912 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-4239（2024）11-4059-03 Research on the application of virtual energy storage technology in power plants LYU Qian (Shandong Huayu University of Technology, generation technology, the power system has ushered in a new round of upgrading and transformation. Virtual energy storage technology, as a new type of energy management technology, provides a new solution the application of virtual energy storage technology in the daily work of modern power plants, including the theoretical research and technological development process of virtual energy storage technology

Simulation Model）.............................................................................39 虚拟电厂（Virtual Power Plant, VPP）............................................ 43 1 弹性/韧性（Resilience，Resiliency） Systems, vol. 75, no. 3, pp. 1394-1397, Jan. 1956, doi: 10.1109/AIEEPAS.1956.4499452. 43 虚拟电厂（Virtual Power Plant, VPP） 撰稿：李再华、唐晓骏 是一种智能的能源管理系统，通过先进的信息处理、计量、通信、 控制等技术和软件系统，实现分布式发电、储能系统、可控负荷、电 动汽 和电网集中调度运行，达成电源侧多能互补、电网侧安全稳定、负荷 侧灵活高效的目的。 “虚拟电厂”这一术语源于 1997 年美国经济学家西蒙·阿韦布赫 Shimon Awerbuch 博 士 在 其 著 作 《 The Virtual Utility: Accounting, Technology & Competitive Aspects of the Emerging Industry》中对虚拟 公共设施的定义: 一

中国区域内虚拟电厂发展现状 Virtual Power Plant in China ： State of the Art 中国电力科学研究院 “ 双碳” 目标推动系统电源结构与负荷特性加速转变 ，电网尖峰负荷屡创新高、峰谷差持续拉大 ，给电网平衡、电力保供 和 带来巨大挑战 ，据测算 到 2025 年电力系统调节资源将达 5.6 亿千瓦。分布式资源以聚合虚拟电厂形式参与电网互动调节是发展新型电力系统的必然选择 system will reach 560 GW by 2025. Involving distributed resources in the form of aggregated virtual power plants in grid interaction and regulation is not only an inevitable choice for developing a Development and Reform Commission of Shenzhen Municipality issued the “ Shenzhen Virtual Power Plant Implementation Plan (2022- 2025),” which provides clear directions for the next

能源（RES）的快速部署，电气化交通 EV 新能源汽车的普及等，也包括电力 市场的放松管制，及智能电网技术的创新。为更好的应对这些新驱动因素，需 要更新的能源管理技术整体解决方案。 虚拟电厂 (Virtual Power Plant, VPP)已成为全球智能电网技术主流趋势和形 态。 图 1 新型电力系统未来创新 From：IRENA 1.1 BTM 表后灵活性海外快速发展 伴随着海外电力市 1：本文参考资料列表 (1) Balancing and Settlement Code (BSC) P444: Compensation for Suppliers and Virtual Lead Parties for Virtual Lead Party action - Ofgem EPR, https://epr- 2025.ofgem.gov.uk/sites/default/files/ Apr2025.pdf (2) P415 Facilitating access to whole sale markets for flexibility dispatched by Virtual Lead Parties-Elexon BSC, https://www.elexon.co.uk/bsc/mod-proposal/p415/ (3) November 2024:Key

Short Term Work Plan Stage 1A Calculated Variables 09-Operating Guidelines Mid Term Work Plan 08-Virtual Metering Data Acquisition & Validation 01-Well Shut-in Testing 02-Well Production Testing & Validation

不同视角下 不一样的虚拟电厂 A Different Perspective A Different Virtual Power Plant 国内外虚拟电厂的综合研究 你好 Hello Hola Bonjour Hallo Ciao Привет Mom Mamá Maman Mama Mamma Мама 千人千面 殊途同归 妈妈 政府 电网 运营服务商 资产持有者

（数字孪生）”。 • 在 2014 年他在撰写的“数字孪生：通过虚拟工厂复制实现卓越制造（ Digital Twin:Manufacturing Excellence through Virtual Factory Replication ） ”一文中对数字 孪生进行了较为详细的阐述，奠定了数字孪生的基本内涵。 对数字孪生概念的进一步解读 Department of Electrical

虚拟电厂 风电 多元聚合技术 光伏 充电桩 普通负荷 柔性负荷 虚拟电厂（ virtual power plant, VPP ）是一 种通过先进信息通信技术和软件系统 ，实现 DG 、 储能系统、 可控负荷、 电动汽车等 DER 的聚合和协调优化 ，以作为一个特殊电