vulnerability is one reason why the former Soviet Union and the EU developed homegrown alternatives, 115 the Global 105 Yang, Z, Why China’s dominance in commercial drones has become a global security 2999161/beidou-chinas-gps-challenger-takes-its-place-on-the-world- stage/#endnote-101> 114 Ibid. 115 GLONASS development began in the Soviet Union and the system was partially functional by 1991 when